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The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance. It does not start movements but compares motor commands from the cerebrum with sensory information from the body. 

A copy of movement instructions is sent to the cerebellum, while sensory feedback comes from muscles, joints, and balance systems. If there is a difference between intended and actual movement, the cerebellum sends corrective signals. These signals help make movements smooth and accurate.

The cerebellum has a central part called the vermis and two lateral hemispheres. Its surface is covered with many curved grooves called sulci, which create a leaf-like appearance. These folds divide the cerebellum into thin layers called folia. 

Each layer contains white matter inside and gray matter on the surface. The internal white matter forms a branching pattern called the arbor vitae. 

The cerebellum is subdivided into numerous smaller regions known as lobules, which are separated by deep grooves called fissures. 

These lobules are organized within the central vermis and the two hemispheres, forming a structured arrangement of ten distinct lobules. 

Distributed across the anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular lobes, these include the lingula (I), central lobule (II) and (III), culmen (IV) and (V), declive (VI), folium (VIIA), tuber (VIIB), pyramid (VIII), uvula (IX) and nodule (X).

Inside the cerebellum is a central core of white matter with branching fibers. Gray matter is found on the surface as the cortex and also in deeper nuclei.